TALON counter-intelligence targets Veterans for Peace as a threat

By the early twentieth century, many children between ten and fifteen years old were working full-time factory jobs. During the 1890’s, Illinois governor and children’s rights advocate John Peter Altgeld appointed reformer Florence Kelley to oversee factories that used child labor and to monitor legislation concerning child labor. Kelley was later appointed director of the National Consumers League in New York, where she made additional advances toward reforming the use of child workers. Kelley also associated with Jane Addams, whose work included reform. Another activist, Lewis Hine, was connected with the National Child Labor Committee. Hine became known for his shared web hosting documentation of working children. His photos clearly displayed the conditions under which American children worked. Despite reform movements, the Great Depression found many children working in substandard conditions. The newspaper industry hired large numbers of boys either to deliver newspapers to subscribers or to hawk them on the streets. Other young boys were trained as salesmen, going door to door to sell newspaper subscriptions. In addition to the health dangers these children faced, undue stress was placed on the boys as they attempted to take on challenges beyond the capabilities of people so young. Concern over the lack of education among the nation’s youth was one of the driving forces behind child labor legislation. Early laws either required the teaching of math, writing, and reading or specified minimum school attendance for children, usually requiring three months per year of formal windows web hosting education. Though laws were passed as early as 1813 in the eastern states, a lack of enforcement too often rendered them useless. During the middle of the nineteenth century, only seven states had passed laws limiting hours for child workers, and Pennsylvania alone limited the type of work children could perform. By 1909, only six states did not have such laws. There were three main problems with the legislative attempts to reform and regulate child labor. First, many manufacturers argued that businesses in states without regulations had an unfair advantage over those in states that had strong laws. Second, the laws were often difficult to implement, and businesses breaking the laws were seldom prosecuted. Finally, during the early twentieth century, a number of federal attempts to legislate child labor were overturned, partly because they infringed on states’ rights. Despite some laws being overturned, the twentieth century brought more effective reform movements, starting with Alabama’s establishment of the first State Child Labor Committee (1901). The National Child Labor Committee was created in 1904. The oldest federal agency regulating services, the Children’s Bureau, was founded in 1912. Although it directed early coldfusion hosting reform on child labor issues, by the middle of the twentieth century the Children’s Bureau came to focus on children’s health rather than labor issues. Now a part of the Department of Health and Human Services, the bureau concentrates on child development, protection, welfare, and adoption. The labor committees, the Children’s Bureau, and other groups successfully promoted a number of new laws that regulated child labor. On September 1, 1916, the Child Labor Act (also known as the Keating-Owen Act) was passed. This act regulated the transportation across state lines of products made by children under the age of sixteen.